The history of the settlement of the region´s territory dates back to the New Stone Age. The archeological findings come approximately from 4th millenium B.C. and are connected with the Linear Ceramics People as is proved by the findings from Bíňa, Štúrovo and Veľký Kýr (Milanovce). Beside the above mentioned culture the most important was Želiezovce culture whose findings come from Dvory nad Žitavou and Mužla - Čenkov.
From the period of the Middle, Early and Late Bronze period the findings have been preserved of Maďarovce culture people typical for their large scale ceramics manufacture. From the Early Bronze period the mass findings of bronze instruments and ornaments were found.
In the Iron Age our territory was settled by the Celts who already used iron weapons, weaver´s loom and rotation mortar form preparation of flour and potter´s wheel. After the Celts, from 1st do 4th century Germanic tribes, Markomans and Quads, came to our territory. In that period the presence of the Romans on our territory was also recorded. In the village Andovce the Roman cemetery was discoverd. The proof of the Roman presence are also the findings of Roman, Byzantium and Greek coins in many places of the region.
From the period of Avar and Slavic settlement, i.e. 7th to 8th century, are the findings from Dvory nad Žitavou, Štúrovo, Sikenička, Obid and Rubáň. Solely Slavic settlements were uncovered in Dvory nad Žitavou, Ondrochov and Mojzesovo. The uncovered settlement in Nitrianský Hrádok from 6th century and burial ground form Bešeňov from 7th and 8th century are the proof of the earliest presence of the Slavs in our region.
From the time of Great Moravian Empire the burial grounds in Tvrdošovce, Mojzesovo, Michal nad Žitavou, Komjatice and Bešeňovo were found. An important discovery is the fortified settlement in Bíňa where the rich graves were uncovered which are the testimony of the Great Moravian Empire period.
The town Nové Zámky itself was mentioned for the first time in 1545 as a defence stronghold against the Turkish raids. The originally rectangular layout with four aurical bastions. Several years later a new castle was built on the opposite side of the Nitra river - the present name of the town is derived from the castle. The castle know also as Castrum Novum was built in the regular hexagonal star-like layout. It had six multifloor extended bastions from which only the names have been preserved - Žerotin´s, Fridrich´s, Ceaser´s, Czech, Ernest´s and Forgách´s.
The layout of the castle is made use of also now. It is symbolicly depicted in the town´s coat-of-arms and the historical centre of the town with the pedestrian zone has the layout of the hexagon. In the dramatic struggle between the Habsburgs and Turks the castle got into the hands of the Turks in 1663 who cruelly ruled there until 1685 when the territory of the town was conquered back by the army of Carl of Lotharingia. This significant event was celebrated by ringing the bells. 250 years later under the south part of the castle a memorial from stone remnants of the original stronghold was unveiled to remind forever this important historical event.
On 29th October 1691 Esztergom Archbishop Juraj Széchényi issued the document granting to Nové Zámky the town´s privilege and other important privileges. In the history of the town this event is rightly recorded in the capital letters because the period of the castle was ended and the rich and proud history of the town began. Only a few monuments of this history have been preserved, though, as most of them were destroyed during 2nd World War between 1944 and 1945 due to three bomb-attacks. But in spite of it in the district museum the remnants of the Roman inscription plates and other documents about the first settlements in the town can be found.
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